Toothache overview
Toothache is pain from a tooth or nearby gum and jaw tissues, often caused by decay, pulp inflammation, a crack, or infection.
The short answer
The pulp contains nerves and blood vessels inside the tooth. Irritation can cause sensitivity to cold, heat, or biting, while inflammation around the root can cause pressure pain and swelling.
How can you ease sensitivity while keeping the area clean?
Rinse gently, keep the area clean, avoid very hot or cold triggers, and use label-directed pain relief if suitable for you. Do not place chemicals or tablets directly on the tooth or gum.
Which toothache symptoms need prompt dental care?
Get prompt care for pain lasting more than a short period, night pain, swelling, fever, a broken tooth, or difficulty opening the mouth. Emergency help is needed for trouble breathing or swallowing.
What treatment might the painful tooth require?
Does the tooth need a filling, root canal treatment, drainage, or removal? What tests locate the source, and what should I do if swelling increases?
Frequently asked questions
Why does biting hurt?
Pressure may irritate tissues around an inflamed root or move a cracked tooth; examination is needed to distinguish these causes.
When should I arrange an examination?
Arrange an examination when symptoms persist, worsen, or interfere with eating, sleeping, cleaning, or normal function.
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Who wrote this page
This library is published by Dental Nation, a licensed dental group practising in the United Arab Emirates. Pages are written and overseen by the same clinical team that treats patients in our clinics, and are held to a fixed editorial standard for safety and accuracy.
This page is patient education, not medical advice, and cannot replace an examination. Anything urgent — facial swelling, trauma, uncontrolled bleeding or severe pain — needs a dentist or emergency care now.