First aid for tooth pain

Pain is a symptom, not a diagnosis. Inflamed pulp, dentine exposure, a fractured filling, decay, periodontal infection, or trauma can all send signals through the tooth’s nerves.

Pain is a symptom, not a diagnosis. Inflamed pulp, dentine exposure, a fractured filling, decay, periodontal infection, or trauma can all send signals through the tooth’s nerves.

The pattern and triggers help distinguish a tooth problem from pain in the gums or jaw.

Clean around the tooth with a soft brush and floss carefully, use a cool compress on the outside of the cheek after injury, and avoid chewing on that side. Do not put heat, alcohol, aspirin, or undiluted chemicals directly on the tooth or gum.

Keep the area clean and follow the product or appliance instructions rather than increasing exposure or pressure.

Arrange prompt care for ongoing pain, swelling, fever, pus, a loose or broken tooth, or pain after an injury. Facial swelling with breathing or swallowing difficulty requires emergency attention.

A clinician can examine the tissues directly and decide whether imaging, cleaning, restoration, or another treatment is needed.

Ask whether the pulp is involved, what examination or imaging shows, and what can be done today to stop the source of the pain.

Ask what the examination found, which options address the cause, and what changes should prompt a faster review.