Tooth and gingival pain causes and triage

Pain in a tooth and its gum can come from decay, pulp inflammation, a crack, food impaction, or periodontal infection.

The tooth contains enamel, dentine, and pulp, while the gum forms a seal around the crown and root. Pain on biting, temperature pain, bleeding, tenderness, and swelling describe different tissues and help guide diagnosis.

Brush gently, floss away trapped food, and avoid chewing on the painful side. Note triggers, timing, swelling, bleeding, and any broken filling before the appointment.

Arrange care promptly for pain that persists or worsens, and urgently for facial swelling, fever, pus, or difficulty swallowing or breathing. A spreading dental infection requires rapid clinical assessment.

Ask whether the pain is from the tooth, gum, bite, or a neighboring structure and what tests distinguish them. Ask which treatment removes the cause rather than only masking the symptom.