Why are my gums so inflamed

Inflamed gums are often caused by plaque at the gumline, but swelling can also reflect infection, trauma, medicines, or a systemic condition.

Gingivitis makes the gingiva red, puffy, tender, and prone to bleeding. If inflammation extends into the supporting tissues, periodontal pockets, recession, bone loss, or loose teeth may develop.

Brush gently twice daily, clean between teeth, avoid tobacco, and do not pick at swollen tissue. A dentist or hygienist can remove calculus and measure pocket depths when home cleaning cannot reach the deposits.

Seek prompt care for severe pain, pus, fever, facial swelling, ulcers that persist, or a loose tooth. Breathing or swallowing difficulty needs emergency medical help.

Ask whether the inflammation is gingivitis, periodontitis, an abscess, or irritation; whether pocket measurements and radiographs are needed; and what treatment will control the cause.