My gums are inflamed and sore

Inflamed, sore gums are often caused by plaque at the gumline, but bleeding, swelling, or pain can also need dental assessment.

Gingivitis is inflammation of the gingiva, the soft tissue around the teeth. Plaque bacteria can irritate this tissue; trapped food, tobacco, dry mouth, hormonal changes, ill-fitting appliances, and some medicines can contribute.

Brush gently twice daily with a soft toothbrush, angling the bristles toward the gumline, and clean between the teeth with floss or interdental brushes. Do not stop cleaning because of light bleeding, but avoid scrubbing or applying undiluted chemicals to the gums.

Arrange an examination if soreness persists, bleeding is frequent, gums recede, teeth feel loose, or there is bad taste or pus. Urgent care is appropriate for facial swelling, fever, difficulty swallowing, or difficulty breathing.

Ask whether the inflammation is gingivitis, periodontitis, infection, or irritation from an appliance, and whether professional scaling is needed. Ask how to clean the affected areas and whether a medicine or medical condition may be contributing.