How come my gums are swollen

Swollen gums commonly reflect plaque-related inflammation, but infection, irritation, or medication effects can also be involved.

Gingival swelling is an increase in the soft tissue around a tooth, often with redness, tenderness, or bleeding. Plaque bacteria can trigger gingivitis, while a trapped food fragment, sharp filling, mouth injury, or an abscess can create swelling in one area.

Brush gently with a soft toothbrush, clean between the teeth, and rinse with warm salt water if it is comfortable. Do not puncture the swelling or place aspirin directly on the gum; arrange an examination if it persists or recurs.

Seek prompt dental care for facial swelling, fever, pus, a bad taste, severe toothache, or difficulty opening the mouth, swallowing, or breathing. Swelling beside one tooth may indicate a localized infection that needs drainage or dental treatment rather than home care alone.

Ask whether the swelling is gingivitis, periodontal disease, an abscess, or irritation, and which findings support that diagnosis. Ask whether you need cleaning, a filling, root canal treatment, periodontal care, or another procedure, and how to prevent recurrence.