Sore and tender gums

Tender gums commonly reflect inflammation from plaque at the gum margin, though trauma, infection, or other irritation can also cause soreness.

Gingival tissue becomes sore when its surface is inflamed or repeatedly irritated. Plaque bacteria, a hard deposit called calculus, vigorous brushing, sharp food, ill-fitting dental work, and some infections can all contribute.

Use a soft brush with gentle pressure, clean between the teeth once daily, and rinse with plain water after irritating foods. Do not scrape the gums or stop cleaning the area, because retained plaque can prolong inflammation.

Arrange an examination if soreness lasts beyond several days, keeps returning, or comes with swelling, pus, loose teeth, fever, or difficulty opening the mouth. Sudden facial swelling or trouble breathing needs urgent medical care.

Ask whether the gums show plaque-related gingivitis, a local injury, tooth decay, or infection. Also ask whether you need professional calculus removal and how to adjust your brushing technique.