Gums really red

Red gums commonly reflect inflammation from plaque, but trauma, infection, hormonal changes and other conditions can also alter gum colour.

Healthy gingiva fits closely around teeth; inflamed gingiva may look red, swollen or shiny and bleed with brushing. Plaque bacteria near the gum margin are a common trigger, while injury, tobacco, medicines and systemic illness can change the picture.

Brush the gumline gently with fluoride toothpaste and clean between teeth daily. Avoid smoking and do not stop cleaning because bleeding often reflects inflammation that needs plaque removal.

Arrange care for persistent redness, spontaneous bleeding, pus, bad taste, loose teeth, recession, fever or facial swelling. Rapid swelling or breathing difficulty needs urgent help.

Ask whether the redness is gingivitis, periodontal disease, trauma or an infection, and whether probing, X-rays or professional cleaning are needed.