Causes of gingival pigmentation
Gingival pigmentation is usually caused by melanin, but medication, tobacco, inflammation, or a local lesion can also change gum colour.
The short answer
Gum colour varies naturally because melanocytes in the gingival epithelium produce melanin. Brown or grey areas may be even on both sides, or limited to one site when a local factor is involved.
What is the direct answer?
What does this question mean?
A dentist examines the pattern, surface, bleeding, medicines, tobacco exposure, and recent changes. Stable, symmetrical colour often needs observation, while a new or irregular patch may need photographs, periodontal testing, or a biopsy.
What can you do next?
Arrange an examination for pigmentation that is new, enlarging, uneven, raised, ulcerated, bleeding, painful, or associated with a neck lump. Seek prompt care if a dark area changes quickly or does not heal.
When should you seek dental care?
Ask whether the colour pattern is normal melanin, whether a medicine or tobacco could contribute, and whether examination, monitoring, or tissue sampling is appropriate.
Frequently asked questions
Can this problem have more than one cause?
Yes. Dental findings often reflect several factors, so the examination must link the symptom or change to its cause.
What happens at the first visit?
The dentist reviews your history, examines the relevant teeth and gums, and selects tests that clarify the diagnosis.