Caries teeth

Dental caries is tooth decay caused by acids from plaque bacteria dissolving enamel and, later, dentine.

Caries begins when plaque bacteria use sugars and produce acids that pull minerals from the tooth surface. Repeated acid attacks can create a softened enamel lesion, a cavity, or infection if decay reaches the pulp.

A dentist checks the tooth visually and with instruments, and may use radiographs to find decay between teeth or beneath a filling. Care can range from fluoride and monitoring for an early lesion to a filling, root canal treatment, or extraction for advanced disease.

Clean twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, clean between teeth, and reduce frequent sugary drinks and snacks. Arrange an examination for sensitivity, a visible hole, food trapping, pain, or a dark area that is changing.

Ask how deep the lesion is, whether it is active, whether it can be remineralised or needs a filling, and how the restoration and surrounding tooth will be protected.