Blood red gums

Blood-red gums usually indicate marked inflammation or injury, and the cause may be plaque, tartar, infection, trauma, or a wider health problem.

The gum tissue contains many small blood vessels, so inflammation can make it intensely red, swollen, and prone to bleeding. Local causes include gingivitis, periodontitis, a dental abscess, a sharp appliance, or brushing trauma; medicines and systemic conditions can also alter bleeding or gum colour.

Use a soft brush with light pressure, clean plaque gently, avoid tobacco and irritating products, and photograph any changing area for comparison. Arrange a dental examination so the gumline, pockets, teeth, medicines, and relevant medical history can be assessed.

Seek prompt care when red gums bleed spontaneously, contain pus, hurt severely, recede, or surround a loose tooth. Fever, facial swelling, weakness, unusual bruising, or bleeding elsewhere calls for urgent medical or dental assessment.

Ask whether the colour change is localized or generalized, whether infection or tartar is present, and whether your medicines or general health could affect the gums.