Gum disease that causes tooth decay

Gum disease does not directly cause tooth decay, but gum recession can expose root dentin, where decay can develop more easily.

Gum disease is inflammation or infection of the tissues supporting a tooth, while tooth decay is acid damage to enamel, dentin, or exposed root surface. Recession from periodontal disease can uncover the root and create a root-caries risk, but the two conditions have different mechanisms. Plaque bacteria use dietary sugars to produce acids that dissolve tooth mineral. Periodontal inflammation damages the attachment and bone around teeth, and recession may leave the softer cementum and dentin exposed near the gum line.

Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and clean between teeth with floss or an interdental brush sized for the spaces. Arrange an examination so the clinician can measure gum pockets, check recession, and inspect suspicious areas with radiographs when needed.

Seek care promptly for bleeding or swollen gums, persistent bad taste, loose teeth, sensitivity at the gum line, or a dark or softened area. Facial swelling, fever, difficulty swallowing, or difficulty breathing needs urgent medical attention.

Ask whether you have gingivitis or periodontitis, whether any roots are exposed, and whether a lesion is root decay or another defect. Ask which periodontal cleaning, fluoride treatment, filling, or gum-care plan fits the findings.