MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate)

Its main component is tricalcium silicate, and bismuth oxide makes the material radiopaque on radiographs.

Water activates MTA. The resulting mixture is highly alkaline, with a reported pH of 12, as calcium-silicate hydrates form and grow from the particles.

MTA is used for root repair, filling the root end, sealing perforations and endodontic sealing. Bioceramics are also used as aids in regeneration.

Endodontic bioceramics include calcium-phosphate, calcium-silicate and mixed calcium-silicate-phosphate groups. MTA belongs in the calcium-silicate group.

Randomized-trial evidence has been systematically reviewed for MTA and postoperative pain after non-surgical endodontic treatment.

Bioceramics used in endodontics are reported as biocompatible, non-toxic, dimensionally stable and bio-inert. Their similarity to hydroxyapatite and osteoconductive activity are also reported.