Hydroxyapatite & Bone-Graft Substitutes

It is one of several dental bone-grafting materials used for defects in the mouth and jaw region.

Hydroxyapatite is osteoconductive: it provides a template for new bone to form on its surface and within pores. Its osteoinductive property promotes tissue ingrowth.

Dental uses include bone-tissue engineering, bone cement, implant coatings and dental materials. Nano-hydroxyapatite in toothpaste can remineralise damaged enamel and coat exposed dentinal tubules.

Oral bone-grafting materials include hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, polylactic and polyglycolic acids, and collagen. Each is intended to fill, augment or reconstruct periodontal or bony defects.

Hydroxyapatite can support osseointegration by giving bone a surface and pore structure for attachment and growth. A hydroxyapatite implant coating can improve initial mechanical stability after placement.

Magnesium, carbonate or strontium substitution increases hydroxyapatite solubility, while fluoride substitution reduces it. Sintered hydroxyapatite is chemically more stable and less soluble in the body than non-sintered forms.