Dental Nation
Material guide

Amalgam

Amalgam is a direct filling material known for durability, while composites have often performed as well or better in reviews.

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The short answer

Amalgam is a direct filling material with a long record of durability and longevity in posterior teeth.

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Amalgam dental educational illustration

What is amalgam used for?

Direct restoration material categories
CategoryPlacement
AmalgamPlaced directly onto tooth structure.[1]
Resin-based compositeAlso classed as a direct restoration material.[1]

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How durable is amalgam?

Amalgam has been regarded as a durable, long-lasting direct material. Recent systematic reviews have often found composite restorations perform as well as, or better than, amalgam.

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How is an amalgam filling placed?

Direct restorations are generally placed directly onto tooth structure and do not need laboratory preparation.

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What other materials can repair decay?

Direct restoration categories include resin-based composite, glass ionomer and resin-modified glass ionomer as well as amalgam. Mercury-free options named for some patients include silver diamine fluoride, glass ionomer cements, fissure sealants and composites without BPA derivatives.

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Named mercury-free options
OptionMaterial form
Glass ionomer cementA mercury-free dental product.[2]
Resin-based compositeA direct restoration material.[1]

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What does the material choice mean for a filling?

In a trial of 1,748 restorations, composite had a 3.5-times greater risk of secondary caries than amalgam. Other evidence found limited evidence of a significant longevity difference across restorative materials.

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Who should avoid amalgam?

For people with allergic conditions, the cited guidance names alternative mercury-free products and says amalgam should not be considered an alternative in that setting.

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Frequently asked questions

Are composite fillings always less durable than amalgam?

No. Recent systematic reviews have often found composite restorations perform as well as, or better than, amalgam.

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Is amalgam used for people with allergic conditions?

The cited guidance names alternative mercury-free products for people with allergic conditions and says amalgam should not be considered an alternative.

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