Oral Lichen Planus

Its cause is not fully understood. Immune activity, including T-cell driven injury to basal keratinocytes, has a central role in oral lichen planus.

This is a long-term condition rather than a one-off sore. Its outlook varies with the lesion type, response to treatment and adherence to long-term monitoring.

Several conditions can resemble oral lichen planus, including lichenoid reactions to medicines or contact sensitivity, lupus erythematosus, mucous membrane pemphigoid and oral epithelial dysplasia.

Assessment distinguishes oral lichen planus from similar lichenoid and autoimmune conditions through clinical examination, targeted history-taking and, where needed, histopathologic analysis.

For a sore mouth, avoid salty, spicy and acidic foods or alcohol when they trigger discomfort. Careful twice-daily toothbrushing and an alcohol-free mouthwash can also reduce mouth irritation.

The practical aim is to ease mouth soreness and maintain gum health with gentle brushing and a mouthwash that does not contain alcohol if alcohol causes discomfort.

Persistent discomfort and secondary infection are recognised complications. There is also a low but notable risk of malignant transformation, which is why long-term monitoring matters.

Gentle oral care, avoiding personal triggers and recognising flares early can reduce irritation. Salty, spicy and acidic foods, alcohol and alcohol-containing mouthwash are practical triggers to avoid when they make the mouth sore.