Gum Abscess (Periodontal Abscess)

It may look like a swollen, darker boil or pimple on the gum. Toothache, hot or cold sensitivity, a bad taste, bad breath, fever, pus, and pain while chewing can occur.

Bacteria can enter the space between a tooth and gum. Gum disease is the most common reason; untreated periodontitis, trapped foreign material, and root abnormalities are named causes.

This is an acute periodontal infection rather than a condition described in numbered stages. It may be related to a periodontal pocket or to another cause such as trapped material or a root abnormality.

Untreated periodontal disease and poor oral hygiene raise the likelihood of this problem. Grinding or clenching, tooth injury, and broken fillings, crowns, or bridges are also listed risk factors.

Diagnosis identifies the periodontal tissues involved and investigates the cause. A periodontal abscess begins in the gums, whereas a periapical abscess begins in the tooth pulp.

Treatment addresses the infection and its cause. A periodontal abscess can rapidly destroy periodontal tissues and infection can spread, so it needs prompt treatment; systemic antibiotics have a controversial role.

Care can involve treating the acute infection and addressing the underlying periodontal problem or another identified cause. The treatment needed changes with whether it is periodontitis-related or not.

A periodontal abscess can damage supporting tissues, affect the outlook for the tooth, lead to tooth loss, and allow infection to spread to other body sites. Rarely, it can lead to sepsis.

Brush two or three times daily with fluoride toothpaste, floss at least once a day, and have regular dental examinations and cleanings. Managing dry mouth and using a mouth guard for grinding can reduce listed risks.